Introduction Uncertainty is everywhere. Whether we're forecasting tomorrow's weather, predicting customer demand, estimating equipment failure, or modelling the spread of a disease, the truth is the...
The Natural Language Processing (NLP) Blog
Topic: Tutorial
Agentic AI Explained and Made Simple With Step-by-Step Guide
Introduction Over the past few years, artificial intelligence has moved from simple pattern recognition to systems capable of performing highly complex tasks with minimal human input. But a new...
Entropy In Information Theory Made Simple With Examples & Python Tutorial
Introduction In a world overflowing with data, one question quietly sits at the heart of every message we send, every prediction we make, and every system we build: how much uncertainty is there?...
Genetic Algorithms Made Simple With Examples And Parameter Tuning
Introduction Imagine nature as the world's most powerful problem solver — endlessly experimenting, selecting, and refining through millions of years of evolution. What if we could capture that same...
![Hill Climbing Algorithm In AI Made Simple [Examples & How To Tutorial]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/graph.png?fit=1276%2C1266&ssl=1)
Hill Climbing Algorithm In AI Made Simple [Examples & How To Tutorial]
Introduction In the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI), many problems—such as route optimisation, game strategy, or model tuning—reduce to a straightforward question: How can we find the best...
Simulated Annealing Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
Introduction: The Search for the Best Solution Imagine you’re trying to find the fastest route through a city with hundreds of streets, or the optimal design for a complex circuit. The number of...
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Explained With How To Python Tutorial
Introduction Optimization lies at the heart of nearly every scientific and engineering challenge — from tuning the hyperparameters of a machine learning model to designing aerodynamic vehicles or...
Top 14 Python Natural Language Processing (NLP) Libraries With How To Tutorials
Introduction Language is at the heart of human communication—and in today's digital world, making sense of language at scale is more important than ever. From powering chatbots and voice assistants...
Vector Embeddings Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
What Are Vector Embeddings? Imagine trying to explain to a computer that the words "cat" and "dog" are more similar to each other than to "car". Computers don't inherently understand language,...
![Monte Carlo Tree Search Explained & How To Implement [With Code]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/four-steps-monte-carlo-tree-search.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Monte Carlo Tree Search Explained & How To Implement [With Code]
What is Monte Carlo Tree Search? Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a decision-making algorithm that helps an agent figure out the best action when the possible outcomes are too vast to calculate...
Dynamic Programming Explained & How To Tutorial In Python
What is Dynamic Programming? Dynamic Programming (DP) is a powerful algorithmic technique used to solve complex problems by breaking them down into simpler, overlapping subproblems. Instead of...
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
Introduction Reinforcement Learning (RL) has seen explosive growth in recent years, powering breakthroughs in robotics, game playing, and autonomous control. While early successes focused on...
![Viterbi Algorithm Made Simple [How To & Worked-Out Examples]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/viterbi-algorithm-example.jpg?fit=330%2C348&ssl=1)
Viterbi Algorithm Made Simple [How To & Worked-Out Examples]
Introduction Imagine trying to understand what someone said over a noisy phone call or deciphering a DNA sequence from partial biological data. In both cases, you're trying to uncover a hidden...
![Deep Q-Learning [Reinforcement Learning] Explained & How To Example](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/q-learning-example.jpg?fit=1440%2C810&ssl=1)
Deep Q-Learning [Reinforcement Learning] Explained & How To Example
Imagine teaching a robot to navigate a maze or training an AI to master a video game without ever giving it explicit instructions—only rewarding it when it does something right. This is the essence...
![Data Filtering Explained, Types & Tools [With How To Tutorials]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/data-filtering.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Data Filtering Explained, Types & Tools [With How To Tutorials]
What is Data Filtering? Data filtering is sifting through a dataset to extract the specific information that meets certain criteria while excluding irrelevant or unwanted data. It's a foundational...
Data Encoding Explained, Different Types, How To Examples & Tools
What is Data Encoding? Data encoding is the process of converting data from one form to another to efficiently store, transmit, and interpret it by machines or systems. Think of it like translating...
Complete Data Wrangling Guide With How To In Python & 6 Common Libraries
What Is Data Wrangling? Data is the foundation of modern decision-making, but raw data is rarely clean, structured, or ready for analysis. This is where data wrangling comes in. Also known as data...
Z-Score Normalization Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
What is Z-Score Normalization? Z-score normalization, or standardization, is a statistical technique that transforms data to follow a standard normal distribution. This process ensures that data has...
