Introduction Imagine trying to understand what someone said over a noisy phone call or deciphering a DNA sequence from partial biological data. In both cases, you're trying to uncover a hidden...
![Viterbi Algorithm Made Simple [How To & Worked-Out Examples]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/viterbi-algorithm-example.jpg?fit=330%2C348&ssl=1)
The Natural Language Processing (NLP) Blog
Topic: Optimisation
Structured Prediction In Machine Learning: What Is It & How To Do It
What is Structured Prediction? In traditional machine learning tasks like classification or regression a model predicts a single label or value for each input. For example, an image classifier might...
![Policy Gradient [Reinforcement Learning] Made Simple In An Elaborate Guide](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/q-learning-explained.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Policy Gradient [Reinforcement Learning] Made Simple In An Elaborate Guide
Introduction Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful framework that enables agents to learn optimal behaviours through interaction with an environment. From mastering complex games like Go to...
![Deep Q-Learning [Reinforcement Learning] Explained & How To Example](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/q-learning-example.jpg?fit=1440%2C810&ssl=1)
Deep Q-Learning [Reinforcement Learning] Explained & How To Example
Imagine teaching a robot to navigate a maze or training an AI to master a video game without ever giving it explicit instructions—only rewarding it when it does something right. This is the essence...
![Data Filtering Explained, Types & Tools [With How To Tutorials]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/data-filtering.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Data Filtering Explained, Types & Tools [With How To Tutorials]
What is Data Filtering? Data filtering is sifting through a dataset to extract the specific information that meets certain criteria while excluding irrelevant or unwanted data. It's a foundational...
![Data Enrichment Made Simple [Different Types, How It Works & Common Tools]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/data-enrichment.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Data Enrichment Made Simple [Different Types, How It Works & Common Tools]
What is Data Enrichment? Data enrichment enhances raw data by supplementing it with additional, relevant information to improve its accuracy, completeness, and value. Integrating internal and...
Z-Score Normalization Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
What is Z-Score Normalization? Z-score normalization, or standardization, is a statistical technique that transforms data to follow a standard normal distribution. This process ensures that data has...
Real-time Vs Batch Processing Made Simple: What Is The Difference?
What is Real-Time Processing? Real-time processing refers to the immediate or near-immediate handling of data as it is received. Unlike traditional methods, where data is collected and processed...
Churn Prediction Made Simple & Top 9 ML Techniques
What is Churn prediction? Churn prediction is the process of identifying customers who are likely to stop using a company's products or services in the near future. This involves analysing customer...
Federated Learning Made Simple, Why its Important & Application in the Real World
What is Federated Learning? Federated Learning (FL) is a cutting-edge machine learning approach emphasising privacy and decentralisation. Unlike traditional machine learning methods, which rely on...
NLP And Edge Computing: How It Works & Top 7 Technologies for Offline Computing
In the age of digital transformation, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a cornerstone of intelligent applications. From chatbots and voice assistants to real-time translation and...
Elastic Net Made Simple & How To Tutorial In Python
What is Elastic Net Regression? Elastic Net regression is a statistical and machine learning technique that combines the strengths of Ridge (L2) and Lasso (L1) regularisation to improve predictive...
Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) Made Simple: How To Tutorial
What is Recursive Feature Elimination? In machine learning, data often holds the key to unlocking powerful insights. However, not all data is created equal. Some features in a dataset contribute...
![How To Handle High-Dimensional Data In Machine Learning [Complete Guide]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/high-dimensional-data-challenges.jpg?fit=1440%2C810&ssl=1)
How To Handle High-Dimensional Data In Machine Learning [Complete Guide]
What is High-Dimensional Data? High-dimensional data refers to datasets that contain a large number of features or variables relative to the number of observations or samples. In other words, each...
Out-of-Distribution In Machine Learning Made Simple & How To Detect It
What is Out-of-Distribution Detection? Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection refers to identifying data that differs significantly from the distribution on which a machine learning model was trained,...
![Anomaly Detection In LLM Responses [How To Monitor & Mitigate]](https://i0.wp.com/spotintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/types-of-anomalies-llms.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1)
Anomaly Detection In LLM Responses [How To Monitor & Mitigate]
What is Anomaly Detection in LLMs? Anomaly detection in the context of Large Language Models (LLMs) involves identifying outputs, patterns, or behaviours that deviate significantly from what is...
Handling Missing Data In Machine Learning: Top 8 Techniques & How To Tutorial In Python
What is Missing Data in Machine Learning? In machine learning, the quality and completeness of data are often just as important as the algorithms and models we choose. Though common in real-world...
Linear Regression In Machine Learning Made Simple & How To Python Tutorial
What is Linear Regression in Machine Learning? Linear regression is one of the fundamental techniques in machine learning and statistics used to understand the relationship between one or more...
